There are extensive reports on the characteristics and therapeutic potential of adult mesenchymal stem cells. The possibility of isolating them from excess adipose tissue obtained from other procedures is promising and extremely desirable. However, the protocols for such applications are still described in a summarized, rather than standardized, manner.Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a simple, practical and effective protocol for the collection of adipose tissue in the hospital environment, and for the isolation and in vitro cultivation of adult mesenchymal stem cells obtained from adipose tissue in a laboratory, with the purpose of discussing the potential uses of this technique in the field of dermatology.

Keywords: ADULT STEM CELLS, DERMATOLOGY, STEM CELLS, ADIPOSE TISSUE, TISSUE THERAPY

Gynoid lipodystrophy (cellulite) is a common, unattractive dermatosis that affects many women around the world. Depending on the severity of the appearance, the condition may cause important psychosocial disorders. Many therapies have been clinically tested, and many have been proscribed, not only for their therapeutic inefficiency, but also for their risk to patients’ health. Other treatments, notwithstanding their weak scientific basis, are still in vogue. Medical devices, few of which are backed by actual scientific evidence, also currently claim to help treat this condition. This paper provides an extensive scientific literature review and analysis, and aims to help dermatologists decide what specific therapies to recommend and provide assurances regarding the clinical rationale of results when treating patients with this condition.

Keywords: CELLULITIS, LIPODYSTROPHY, ADIPOSE TISSUE

In the literature there is significant confusion between the terms hypodermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue, which are often used interchangeably. They are however two distinct and independent structures, with independent metabolic responses. The distinction between these two layers and the knowledge of their behavior is of crucial importance for choosing the appropriate treatment. The objective of the present study was to review the existing literature on the topic, in order to demonstrate the anatomical and histological differences between the two tissues.

Keywords: SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; ADIPOSE TISSUE; SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.

Introduction: Introduction: Not focused ultrasound is a noninvasive alternative to improve body contour.
Methods: It's reported five cases treated with eight weekly sessions of not focused ultrasound on the abdomen.
Results: The treatment did not affect the routine of patients; it was comfortable and safe for most. There was a reduction in the thickness of the fat layer evaluated by ultrasound and in the circumferential measures in all patients, with clinical improvement evidenced in the photographic documentation especially in patients with lesser thickness of subcutaneous.
Conclusion: The device was safe, and was shown clear reduction in abdominal subcutaneous tissue.

Keywords: ADIPOSE TISSUE; ULTRASONIC THERAPY; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT

Introduction: Tuberous sclerosis is a dominant autosomal genodermatosis, classically characterized by facial angiofibromas, fibrotic plaques, periungual fibromas, leaf-shaped hypochromic maculae and fibrous frontal plaques.
Case report: A patient bore this disease, with Koenen tumors in all nail beds of hands and feet, which were resistant to the conventional treatment — simple excision and electrosurgery. Amputation of the nail beds was performed followed by reconstruction with full thickness skin grafts.
Conclusion: The amputation of the nail apparatus and reconstruction with full thickness skin grafts in aggressive, recurrent or high morbidity cases can be an effective therapeutic option.

Keywords: DERMATOLOGY; DERMATOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; SKIN TRANSPLANTS

Cryolipolysis is known worldwide as an effective and safe treatment for the reduction of localized body fat. A review of the current literature on the subject was carried out, including possible complications of the technique.

Keywords: cryotherapy; adipose tissue; therapeutics

Lipomas are frequent soft tissue tumors and can be found anywhere in the body; however, their location in hand is rare. They are called giants when they exceed 5 cm. In these cases, the differential diagnosis must be made with liposarcoma. These benign tumors must be characterized preoperatively with an imaging study, and their treatment is surgical. We present the case of a patient with a giant hand lipoma successfully treated with a modified Bruner incision approach.

Keywords: Lipoma; Liposarcoma; Neoplasms, adipose tissue; Hand

Modern hair transplant is constantly evolving. We intend to demonstrate our techniques and methodologies, and especially to describe the dynamics of the entire surgical process of the FUE (Follicular Unit Extraction), technique, from the discussion of the surgical strategy with the patient and evaluation of the donor area to extraction and implantation. The dermatologist must understand the complexity of the procedure and the need for adequate training to achieve a good surgical result.

Keywords: Alopecia; Hair; Hair follicle; Transplant donor site

The search for aesthetic procedures aimed at the loss of submental definition is increasing. A correct diagnosis is imperative for successful treatment and the reduction of complications. Localized adiposity, skin flaccidity, and loss of bone structure are the main findings. A treatment algorithm was discussed in this review, remembering, of course, the possibility of combined and sequential treatments for better results.

Keywords: Deoxycholic acid; Collagen; Neck; Chin; Adipose tissue; Hydroxyapatites

We developed a narrative literature review on the association of fat grafting and hair transplantation using the Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) technique in scalp scars. Data were collected from studies found in Medline, Lilacs, and IBECS databases. Bibliographical records of several authors who researched mesenchymal cells in adipose tissue were cited, describing the techniques used. The conclusion was that the two-stage hair transplantation technique, with previous fat transplantation, is effective, according to the reviewed articles.

Keywords: Stem Cells; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells; Adipose Tissue; Hair transplantation

Hair transplant is a common procedure worldwide, and the method of extracting follicular units is currently the most used. This technique is used not only for androgenetic alopecia but also for other areas such as eyebrows and beard. It is essential to observe the angle of the incisions and implantation of the hairs to conduct the eyebrow transplant so the result is as natural as possible. However, in addition to being rigorous with the design of the shape and position of the eyebrow, care must be taken with the preparation from the receiving site.

Keywords: Transplants; Alopecia; Hair follicle

Hair transplantation is an option for anyone with Androgenetic Alopecia, including transgender patients who want to align their appearance with their gender identity. Thus, hair transplantation can help transform appearance and boost self-esteem, especially if hair loss is a source of gender dysphoria. We report two cases of hair transplantation in transgender patients with good results, using the Follicular Unit Extraction and Follicular Unit Transplantation techniques. Due to the scarcity of specific articles about hair transplantation in this population, we report these cases for a better understanding of the specific needs of these patients.

Keywords: Hair; Transplants; Transgender People; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity; Feminization.

Autologous fat grafting is a common option for the correction of facial asymmetry. Recently, therapies using injectable substances that promote lipolysis have emerged to reduce undesired fat volume, offering an alternative to surgical removal of adipose tissue. We report an experimental case in which fat-dissolving injections were used to correct facial asymmetry following fat grafting, demonstrating satisfactory results with a minimally invasive procedure.

Keywords: Facial Asymmetry; Adipose Tissue, Subcutaneous; Mesotherapy.

The clinical use of combined technologies has been increasing to address the effects of skin aging on the face and other areas of the body. Poly-L-lactic acid is a biocompatible, semipermanent synthetic filler used for volume enhancement through neocollagenesis induction by fibroblast activation. Similarly, energy-based technologies, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound and microneedling radiofrequency devices, promote fat reduction and collagen contraction by heating the deep dermis. This article presents expert panel recommendations and a literature review on the topic.

Keywords: Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Radiofrequency Therapy; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type III; Adipose Tissue.