Dermatoscopy can be used in the pre-operative analysis of melanocytic and non-melanocytic tumors.The effectiveness of this technique can be demonstrated in the selection of the best site for carrying out excisional biopsies, in the delimitation of tumoral margins, in the pre-operative estimation of tumoral thickness of melanomas, and in the screening of recurrences.

Keywords: DERMOSCOPY, SURGERY, DERMATOLOGY, MELANOMA

Seborrheic keratosis are benign epithelial tumors that are usually easily diagnosed through clinical and dermatoscopic examination. They can sometimes resemble malignant lesions, especially melanoma. This article illustrates two such cases, highlighting the detailed dermatoscopic observations that help distinguish these lesions, to help increase the accuracy of diagnoses.

Keywords: KERATOSIS, SEBORRHEIC, MELANOMA, DERMOSCOPY

Cutaneous melanoma’s prognoses depend primarily on the tumor’s thickness; early detection of melanomas is extremely important to increase a patient’s chances of survival. The use of dermatoscopy can be up to 90% accurate. Changes in pigmented lesions may occurduring pregnancy, however the challenge lies in knowing whether such changes are benign or whether they indicate a melanoma. Dermatoscopy is an important diagnostic tool that increases the accuracy of detection and diagnosis of the margins of melanomas in their earliest stages, which consequently improves patients’ prognosis and survival rates.

Keywords: PREGNANCY, MELANOMA, DERMOSCOPY

Introduction: One of the most challenging dermoscopic situations is to distinguish between early melanomas and doubtful benign nevi. At times, suspicious melanocytic lesions have dermoscopic features similar to melanomas, thus leading to excessive excisions of lesions.
Objective: To develop a dermoscopic model that helps to differentiate the doubtful nevus from the early melanoma.
Material and methods: A total of 219 histopathologically confirmed dermoscopic images were analyzed and a comparison between doubtful nevi and early melanomas was then performed.
Results: The final model was based on three dermoscopic features: radial streaming, blue hue and vascular structures. If all three features were absent, it was most likely a nevus; if one dermoscopic feature was present, it could be a nevus or melanoma; if two features were present, there was a greater probability of melanoma diagnosis; if three features were present, it was melanoma.

Keywords: DERMOSCOPY, MELANOMA, NEVUS, PIGMENTED

Four clinical cases of small melanomas detected by dermoscopy associated with clinical data and total body photographs with systematic monitoring are described. In small melanomas, dermatoscopic findings alone are not always sufficient to correctly indicate the excisional biopsies used in anatomical-pathological examinations.

Keywords: DERMOSCOPY, MELANOMA, PHOTOGRAPHY

p>Pyogenic granuloma is a common, benign, vascular proliferation, usually secondary to other events, such as cutaneous trauma. It is known that some lesions can mimic melanoma and vice versa, and it is recommended that the lesion be surgically removed and analyzed histologically. The advent of technologies-such as dermoscopy-that amplify the image recognized by the eye through the identification of certain structures and specific patterns, can facilitate this differentiation and assist in decision-making. In rare situations, its clinical presentation is unusual. The current article is aimed at demonstrating this fact and reviewing the medical literature on the subject, focusing on dermoscopic findings.

Keywords: PYOGENIC GRANULOMA, DERMOSCOPY, MELANOMA.

The term melanonychia refers to a brownish pigmentation produced by melanocytes in matrix, which extends from the proximal region up until the distal margin of the nail plate. This condition occurs due to the activation or hyperplasia of melanocytes, which presents benign lesions, such as nevi and lentigo or malignant lesions, such as melanoma of the nail unit. The intraoperative dermoscopic analysis of the nail matrix improves the diagnostic accuracy and guides on the best biopsy method for melanonychia. A proper biopsy technique is aimed at obtaining a good quality sample for the histological diagnosis - the gold standard - associated with a lower risk of permanent dystrophy.

Keywords: NAILS; LENTIGO; DERMOSCOPY

A 74-year-old male patient came to medical consultation presenting a hyperpigmented stain near the lower left eyelid edge, with varying colors, between different shades of brown; the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of lentigo maligna. Its location on the eyelid edge is rare. There is some divergence in the literature regarding the best method for its treatment. Non-surgical therapeutic options, such as imiquimod, have been suggested, as well as different variants in surgical management and required margins. In the case described, it was chosen to manage with conservative margins, preserving, the functionality of the area.

Keywords: Lentigo; Melanoma; Eyelid Neoplasms; Dermoscopy; Pathology, Surgical; Surgery, Plastic

Malignant melanoma is a melanocyte tumor responsible for more than 75% of skin cancer deaths. The rare variants of this pathology are responsible for 5% of the cases and may mimic other pathologies. We report the case of a patient with spitzoid melanoma and we discuss the dermoscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings, as well as the follow-up of this rare variant of melanoma.

Keywords: Melanoma; Nevus, epithelioid and spindle cell; Melanoma-specific antigens; Skin neoplasms; Dermoscopy

Diagnosing basal cell carcinomas, both clinically and dermoscopically, is part of most dermatologists' daily routine. However, tumors of this lineage, when densely pigmented, can be a challenge for the physician and surgeon. Dermoscopic features typical of melanocytic lesions may be present in these carcinomas, and the similarity with melanoma results in a real dilemma. More in-depth knowledge on this topic can make a difference in the management of these cases.

Keywords: Carcinoma, Basal cell; Dermoscopia; Diagnosis; Melanoma

O queratoacantoma (QA), apesar de frequente na prática diária, é um tumor que gera questionamentos. O aspecto mais intrigante associa-se à sua posição no limite entre malignidade e benignidade. A abordagem do tumor, bem como sua classificação, é controversa. Na definição da conduta, é importante levar em conta o potencial de transformação para carcinoma espinocelular. Desse modo, a excisão cirúrgica é a terapia de escolha, sempre que possível. Algumas situações merecem atenção adicional, como a imunossupressão associada. Neste artigo, relatamos um caso de QA gigante em um paciente com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida tratado com cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs.

Keywords: Ceratoacantoma; Retalhos Cirúrgicos; Neoplasias Nasais; Neoplasias Cutâneas; Cirurgia de Mohs; Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida; HIV; Imunossupressão

Patients with giant congenital melanocytic nevus are at higher risk of developing melanoma. After the first diagnosis of melanoma, there is also a higher incidence of subsequent melanomas in the same patient. However, the ideal therapy for this type of nevus is still controversial. We report the case of a patient with giant congenital nevus associated with multiple synchronous melanomas and the proposed treatment.

Keywords: Melanoma; Nevi and melanomas; Neoplasms

Acral amelanotic melanoma is rare and can mimic many entities, such as eccrine poroma, squamous cell carcinoma, plantar wart, and chronic ulcers. Due to the variety of possible differential diagnoses, it is a challenging and frequently late diagnosis. Dermoscopy features can help in early diagnosis. The dermatologist should keep this diagnosis in mind when faced with a pink, progressively growing, irregularly shaped lesion, mainly if located on the hands and feet.

Keywords: Dermoscopy; Melanoma amelanotic; Skin neoplasms; Oncology; Foot ulcer

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease where there is a mutation in the tumor suppressor gene, with a greater predisposition to neoplasms, especially of the gastrointestinal tract. The first manifestations begin during childhood with the presence of mucocutaneous melanosis and, later, gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps. We describe a case of a young woman whose initial PJS manifestation started during her childhood with cutaneous melanosis. Three sessions with the Q-switched 1064nm Nd:YAG and 532nm KTP lasers were performed to treat the melanosis with excellent results and without recurrence.

Keywords: Lasers; Lentigo; Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

This integrative review included 22 studies aiming to identify the main conclusions regarding the use of total body photography for the diagnosis of melanoma. Thus, it demonstrated that the method could help in the early detection of melanoma, reducing unnecessary biopsies, identifying melanomas from new lesions, improving patient survival, and decreasing patient anxiety. However, it can be a high-cost method. Therefore, total body photography is a proficient tool in facilitating the monitoring and diagnosis of melanoma in patients at a certain risk.

Keywords: Melanoma; Diagnosis; Dermoscopy