Minor salivary gland biopsy is essential for the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome. The authors demonstrate the use of chalazion clamp to facilitate this procedure. Chalazion clamp retains the lip mucosal bleeding and exposes the salivary glands more easily for their dissection and excision individually, which facilitates the removal of various glands to histopathological examination.

Keywords: SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME, BIOPSY, SALIVARY GLANDS, MINOR

The prognosis of cutaneous melanomas depends mainly on the lesions' thickness; early detection is of paramount importance for patient longer survival rates. An accuracy of approximately 90% can be achieved using dermoscopic assessment. Since early melanomas might not present specific dermoscopic features, they can only be diagnosed by observing alterations over time through total body mapping and serial digital dermoscopy. Patients with atypical nevus syndrome and multiple familial melanoma presented a higher sensitivity for the detection of melanoma using that technique.

Keywords: MELANOMA; DERMOSCOPY; DYSPLASTIC NEVUS SYNDROME.

The basal cell nevus syndrome - also known as Gorlin-Goltz syndrome - is an autosomal dominant disorder that occurs with the development of basal cell carcinomas in young patients and other clinical and radiological findings. As this syndrome tends to be a systemic disease, a better understanding of it by the various medical specialties is important for early diagnosis, allowing appropriate treatment and secondary prevention. In the present case, the authors describe an adult patient with multiple exuberant basal cell carcinomas having spread through the body over 10 years.

Keywords: BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME; CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; EPIDERMAL CYST

The Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy promoted a better quality of life for seropositive patients. However, metabolic changes in patients, such as HIV lipodystrophy syndrome, may occur with antiretroviral therapy. Thus, it is necessary to adopt strategies to prevent and treat lipodystrophy and other possible side effects of. We report the case of a female patient with prior antiretroviral therapy and decreased thickness of the lower limbs bilaterally, especially in knees and distal third of the legs. The sites with evidence of lipoatrophy were filled with polymethylmethacrylate, with satisfactory results and adherence by the patient.

Keywords: HIV-ASSOCIATED LIPODYSTROPHY SYNDROME; POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME.

Kaposi's sarcoma is a rare multicentric neoplasm originating from endothelial cells, with cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestation. The present paper describes a case of an uncommon clinic variant of a Kaposi’s sarcoma in a 32 year-old male patient bearer of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with regression after undergoing combined treatment with antiretroviral therapy and radiotherapy.

Keywords: sarcoma, kaposi; herpesvirus 8, human; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; keloid

In the skin aging process, both intrinsic alterations, secondary to cell regeneration capacity loss resulting from chronological action, and extrinsic alterations, caused by to ultraviolet radiation exposure, can be observed. Treatments that restore collagen production and stimulate fibroblasts to synthesize and organize extracellular matrix are critical for morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and skin healing. Potential uses of products that stimulate collagen production, a component that plays a fundamental role in the extracellular matrix, represents a promising perspective for improving skin quality and its mechanical properties by introducing a new concept of therapeutic approach when treating changes caused by skin aging.

Keywords: Collagen; Hydroxyapatite; Skin Aging

O queratoacantoma (QA), apesar de frequente na prática diária, é um tumor que gera questionamentos. O aspecto mais intrigante associa-se à sua posição no limite entre malignidade e benignidade. A abordagem do tumor, bem como sua classificação, é controversa. Na definição da conduta, é importante levar em conta o potencial de transformação para carcinoma espinocelular. Desse modo, a excisão cirúrgica é a terapia de escolha, sempre que possível. Algumas situações merecem atenção adicional, como a imunossupressão associada. Neste artigo, relatamos um caso de QA gigante em um paciente com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida tratado com cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs.

Keywords: Ceratoacantoma; Retalhos Cirúrgicos; Neoplasias Nasais; Neoplasias Cutâneas; Cirurgia de Mohs; Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida; HIV; Imunossupressão

Melanoma is a rare neoplasm in the pediatric population, and it is even rarer in children under 10 years of age. Total body mapping constitutes a low-cost and non-invasive method that increases diagnostic accuracy in evaluating pigmented lesions, especially in high-risk patients. We reported the case of a 9-year boy with dysplastic nevus syndrome, in which one lesion presented a subtle change (asymmetry of structures) within a 6-months follow-up. Its excision resulted in melanoma with a Breslow thickness of 1 mm and a negative sentinel lymph node. Total body mapping reduces the number of unnecessary excisions. It allows diagnosis of melanomas in early and potentially curable stages, especially in children and patients with risk factors such as dysplastic nevus syndrome. We report this case due to the rarity of the neoplasia in this age group and also to demonstrate the importance of sequential digital dermoscopy in early diagnosis of melanoma in this population.

Keywords: Dermoscopy; Melanoma; Dysplastic nevus syndrome

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease where there is a mutation in the tumor suppressor gene, with a greater predisposition to neoplasms, especially of the gastrointestinal tract. The first manifestations begin during childhood with the presence of mucocutaneous melanosis and, later, gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps. We describe a case of a young woman whose initial PJS manifestation started during her childhood with cutaneous melanosis. Three sessions with the Q-switched 1064nm Nd:YAG and 532nm KTP lasers were performed to treat the melanosis with excellent results and without recurrence.

Keywords: Lasers; Lentigo; Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

This study conducted a systematic review of studies on the relationship between androgenic alopecia and metabolic syndrome. We performed a comprehensive review of databases including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase, and extracted relevant articles published from 2010 to 2018. The case reports, review articles, or studies lacking full-text articles were excluded. We examined nine studies for the meta-analysis step. The results showed a significant relationship between alopecia and metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.81; CI 95% = 2.16-3.66; I2 = 73%; P = 0.0003). There is a significant correlation between androgenic alopecia and metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: Alopecia; Systematic review; Metabolic syndrome; Hair diseases; Insulin resistance; Review hair

Anagen effluvium (AE) is a hair growth disorder that occurs due to a disturbance in the hair follicle cycling. The most common cause of AE is alopecia areata (AA). Autoimmune diseases like AA may develop after drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome and are usually long-standing conditions. We report the case of a 17-year-old woman who developed a severe and abrupt AE after DRESS syndrome with a full and rapid recovery after two months of topical minoxidil.

Keywords: Alopecia; Alopecia Areata; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome; Case Reports

INTRODUCTION: For religious reasons, a portion of the population does not expose their body, showing only the feet.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to meet the demand for treatments to rejuvenate the dorsum of the foot, observe the safety of using calcium hydroxyapatite and its results, and discuss the region anatomy.
METHODS: Sixty women with an average age of 63 years and skin phototypes from I to VI had the dorsum of their foot's age classified by types from I to VII, and were injected with 0.75 ml to 3 ml of calcium hydroxyapatite per patient in this region, in a single session. A dermatologist who did not participate in the treatment and the patients conducted the evaluation through photos.
RESULTS: The results were considered good to very good depending on the aging stage of the dorsum of the feet. Complications were limited to local edema and erythema. Follow-up lasted from six months to one year.
CONCLUSION: The injection of calcium hydroxyapatite into the dorsum of the feet, based on knowledge of the anatomy of this region and correct volume, could be considered a body area treatment.

Keywords: Calcium Hydroxyapatite; Foot; Anterior Compartment Syndrome; Collagen