Introduction: Melasma is the principal cause of facial hyperchromia and has a significant psychosocial impact. Wood´s lamp has been a useful device to estimate the depth of melanin determined by light-induced fluorescence. A dermatoscope enables a clear visualization of pigments distribution, and the color variation of melanin will depend on its location within the skin. Objective: Evaluate the classifi cation of melasma according to depth of melanin by dermatoscopy and to correlate the dermatoscopic findings with its classifi cation using Wood’s lamp. Material and methods: Analysis of concordance between dermatoscopy and Wood’s lamp in the classification of melasma. Forty patients were evaluated by expert examiners, using a Wood’s lamp (Burton® UVA 360nm LE T5 4W BLB) and dermoscopy (Bley Med-Skincam® 40x or 3Gen Dermlite II ProHR® 10x), in an independent manner. The epidermal type was considered as the presence of a regular pigment network, with a brownish homogeneous pigmentation; dermal type as an irregular and mixed network with bluish-gray pigmentation; and mixed type as areas presenting both features. Results: The degree of concordance between the methods was considered weak (k < 0.2) by statistical analysis. Conclusions: The authors consider the technique more suitable, since it has allowed the visualization of the pigmentary components in a more objective way.

Keywords: CLASSIFICATION, MELANOSIS, DERMOSCOPY

Dermatoscopy can be used in the pre-operative analysis of melanocytic and non-melanocytic tumors.The effectiveness of this technique can be demonstrated in the selection of the best site for carrying out excisional biopsies, in the delimitation of tumoral margins, in the pre-operative estimation of tumoral thickness of melanomas, and in the screening of recurrences.

Keywords: DERMOSCOPY, SURGERY, DERMATOLOGY, MELANOMA

Seborrheic keratosis are benign epithelial tumors that are usually easily diagnosed through clinical and dermatoscopic examination. They can sometimes resemble malignant lesions, especially melanoma. This article illustrates two such cases, highlighting the detailed dermatoscopic observations that help distinguish these lesions, to help increase the accuracy of diagnoses.

Keywords: KERATOSIS, SEBORRHEIC, MELANOMA, DERMOSCOPY

Cutaneous melanoma’s prognoses depend primarily on the tumor’s thickness; early detection of melanomas is extremely important to increase a patient’s chances of survival. The use of dermatoscopy can be up to 90% accurate. Changes in pigmented lesions may occurduring pregnancy, however the challenge lies in knowing whether such changes are benign or whether they indicate a melanoma. Dermatoscopy is an important diagnostic tool that increases the accuracy of detection and diagnosis of the margins of melanomas in their earliest stages, which consequently improves patients’ prognosis and survival rates.

Keywords: PREGNANCY, MELANOMA, DERMOSCOPY

Introduction: One of the most challenging dermoscopic situations is to distinguish between early melanomas and doubtful benign nevi. At times, suspicious melanocytic lesions have dermoscopic features similar to melanomas, thus leading to excessive excisions of lesions.
Objective: To develop a dermoscopic model that helps to differentiate the doubtful nevus from the early melanoma.
Material and methods: A total of 219 histopathologically confirmed dermoscopic images were analyzed and a comparison between doubtful nevi and early melanomas was then performed.
Results: The final model was based on three dermoscopic features: radial streaming, blue hue and vascular structures. If all three features were absent, it was most likely a nevus; if one dermoscopic feature was present, it could be a nevus or melanoma; if two features were present, there was a greater probability of melanoma diagnosis; if three features were present, it was melanoma.

Keywords: DERMOSCOPY, MELANOMA, NEVUS, PIGMENTED

Four clinical cases of small melanomas detected by dermoscopy associated with clinical data and total body photographs with systematic monitoring are described. In small melanomas, dermatoscopic findings alone are not always sufficient to correctly indicate the excisional biopsies used in anatomical-pathological examinations.

Keywords: DERMOSCOPY, MELANOMA, PHOTOGRAPHY

Giant congenital melanocytic nevi are extremely rare, however there is a 5-10% chance they will develop into melanomas. Laser-based treatment of this type of lesion is still very controversial. Some studies report great success without malignant development and others have achieved good aesthetic results but with malignancy. This article describes the clinical and histological development of a case of a female patient with a giant congenital melanocytic bathing trunk nevus, after 14 sessions of 1,064 nm Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser and three years of follow-up without histological signs of malignancy. The authors highlight the need for histological monitoring of this type of lesions.

Keywords: NEVUS, NEVUS, PIGMENTED, LASER THERAPY

p>Pyogenic granuloma is a common, benign, vascular proliferation, usually secondary to other events, such as cutaneous trauma. It is known that some lesions can mimic melanoma and vice versa, and it is recommended that the lesion be surgically removed and analyzed histologically. The advent of technologies-such as dermoscopy-that amplify the image recognized by the eye through the identification of certain structures and specific patterns, can facilitate this differentiation and assist in decision-making. In rare situations, its clinical presentation is unusual. The current article is aimed at demonstrating this fact and reviewing the medical literature on the subject, focusing on dermoscopic findings.

Keywords: PYOGENIC GRANULOMA, DERMOSCOPY, MELANOMA.

Erythroplasia of Queyrat is an in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the glans penis. Due to its unusual location, surgical treatment can cause mutilation. CO₂ laser-assisted vaporization is a treatment option with excellent aesthetic and functional results, but it requires strict follow up owing to its high recurrence rates. The authors describe a case of erythroplasia of Queyrat treated with fractional CO₂ laser, with an absence of recurrence during a one-year follow up

Keywords: CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; CARCINOMA IN SITU; FORESKIN; LASER COAGULATION; LASERS; LASERS; GAS; PENIS; PENILE NEOPLASMS

The term melanonychia refers to a brownish pigmentation produced by melanocytes in matrix, which extends from the proximal region up until the distal margin of the nail plate. This condition occurs due to the activation or hyperplasia of melanocytes, which presents benign lesions, such as nevi and lentigo or malignant lesions, such as melanoma of the nail unit. The intraoperative dermoscopic analysis of the nail matrix improves the diagnostic accuracy and guides on the best biopsy method for melanonychia. A proper biopsy technique is aimed at obtaining a good quality sample for the histological diagnosis - the gold standard - associated with a lower risk of permanent dystrophy.

Keywords: NAILS; LENTIGO; DERMOSCOPY

The acquired perforating dermatosis is constituted by a group of diseases whose main characteristic is the transepithelial elimination of altered dermal material. It has the clinical appearance of crateriform papules or nodules, with central keratotic plug, which may suggest some kind of transepithelial purging; nevertheless the final diagnosis is histologic. The dermoscopic examination is a useful tool that helps to exclude similar dermatoses, such as nodular prurigo and hypertrophic lichen planus. The present article discusses the clinical and dermoscopic correlation of this dermatosis.

Keywords: DERMOSCOPY; PRURIGO; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL

Paraffinoma results from the implantation of mineral oil in the skin, being characterized by inflammatory reaction of foreign body type, with variable latency period. Initial lesions consist of hardened nodules, which can ulcerate, fistulate or necrose. This technique was widely used for aesthetic purposes in the 20th century, and is no longer performed by physicians. However, it is still used by non-medical professionals or by the patients themselves, mainly in the genital region, aimed at improving sexual activity. This paper reports a case of implantation of mineral oil in the penis, performed by a non-medical professional, for aesthetic purposes that evolved with necrosis after three years.

Keywords: GRANULOMA, FOREIGN-BODY; MINERAL OIL; NECROSIS; PENIS

Diagnosing basal cell carcinomas, both clinically and dermoscopically, is part of most dermatologists' daily routine. However, tumors of this lineage, when densely pigmented, can be a challenge for the physician and surgeon. Dermoscopic features typical of melanocytic lesions may be present in these carcinomas, and the similarity with melanoma results in a real dilemma. More in-depth knowledge on this topic can make a difference in the management of these cases.

Keywords: Carcinoma, Basal cell; Dermoscopia; Diagnosis; Melanoma

The divided nevi occur in contiguous areas of the skin that are mostly benign lesions. We report six cases of nevus divided on the penis and its dermoscopic patterns. Clinical follow-up was the best therapeutic option for this group of patients, considering the location of these lesions.

Keywords: Dermoscopy; Nevus; Intradermal nevus; Pigmented nevus; Penis