There are extensive reports on the characteristics and therapeutic potential of adult mesenchymal stem cells. The possibility of isolating them from excess adipose tissue obtained from other procedures is promising and extremely desirable. However, the protocols for such applications are still described in a summarized, rather than standardized, manner.Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a simple, practical and effective protocol for the collection of adipose tissue in the hospital environment, and for the isolation and in vitro cultivation of adult mesenchymal stem cells obtained from adipose tissue in a laboratory, with the purpose of discussing the potential uses of this technique in the field of dermatology.

Keywords: ADULT STEM CELLS, DERMATOLOGY, STEM CELLS, ADIPOSE TISSUE, TISSUE THERAPY

Gynoid lipodystrophy (cellulite) is a common, unattractive dermatosis that affects many women around the world. Depending on the severity of the appearance, the condition may cause important psychosocial disorders. Many therapies have been clinically tested, and many have been proscribed, not only for their therapeutic inefficiency, but also for their risk to patients’ health. Other treatments, notwithstanding their weak scientific basis, are still in vogue. Medical devices, few of which are backed by actual scientific evidence, also currently claim to help treat this condition. This paper provides an extensive scientific literature review and analysis, and aims to help dermatologists decide what specific therapies to recommend and provide assurances regarding the clinical rationale of results when treating patients with this condition.

Keywords: CELLULITIS, LIPODYSTROPHY, ADIPOSE TISSUE

Post-adjusted M-plasty can be used in any surgical defect that can be closed by direct approximation of the borders to avoid the formation of apical protrusions. It is performed without prior planning; the tissue is removed only if the surgeon detects a protrusion during surgery. This method offers the advantage of sparing healthy tissue by adjusting the incisions to each patient’s skin’s tension lines, wrinkles and junctions of cosmetic units, in addition to the possible use of the “M”s pedicle as a small advancement flap. This study describes the procedure step by step, highlighting the differences and advantages compared to traditional M-plasty.

Keywords: SURGICAL PROCEDURES, MINOR, AMBULATORY SURGICAL PROCEDURES, ABDOMINAL WOUND CLOSURE TECHNIQUES

Introduction: Obesity is a major health problem worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate the reduction of abdominal fat in volunteers who underwent low-frequency diode laser therapy. Methods: A total of 60 volunteers (18 to 50 years of age, with a BMI of between 18.5 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2, and who had abdominal fat), underwent a treatment performed twice a week for 31 days and were then evaluated. The abdominal circumference was evaluated in three locations, with photographic and ultrasound images taken of the studied area. Results: There was a reduction in the abdominal circumference measurements in the evaluated sites, with dermal compression and a significant reduction of hypodermis verified through ultrasound. Conclusion: The low-frequency diode laser therapy showed significant results in the reduction of localized fat and abdominal circumference measurements.

Keywords: LASER; ABDOMINAL FAT; LYPOLISIS.

In the literature there is significant confusion between the terms hypodermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue, which are often used interchangeably. They are however two distinct and independent structures, with independent metabolic responses. The distinction between these two layers and the knowledge of their behavior is of crucial importance for choosing the appropriate treatment. The objective of the present study was to review the existing literature on the topic, in order to demonstrate the anatomical and histological differences between the two tissues.

Keywords: SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; ADIPOSE TISSUE; SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.

Endometriosis is a common dermatosis that most typically affects the pelvic organs. Extra-pelvic occurrences are reported in the literature. Umbilical endometriosis is rare and can be primary (spontaneous) or secondary (after surgery). The present study describes the case of a female patient with endometriosis lesions in the umbilical region, confirmed by histology. Treatment was carried out with wide surgical excision. It is important to note that differential diagnosis should be considered in the presence of umbilical tumors in women of reproductive age.

Keywords: ENDOMETRIOSIS; SISTER MARY JOSEPH'S NODULE; ABDOMINAL NEOPLASMS; ABDOMINAL WALL; ADENOMYOSIS

Introdução: A non-invasive alternative for the treatment of localized fat is cryolipolysis that, by freezing adipocytes, reduces fat volume in the region where the procedure was performed. Objective: To statistically describe the experience of a referral center for this procedure. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 251 patients undergoing cryolipolysis was carried out with the epidemiological analysis of patient data. Results: Thirty-eight males and 213 females underwent the procedure, with a total number of 740 treated areas. The anterior abdomen (lower third) was the most popular region, with 45.30% of cases. Eighty-eight percent were satisfied or very satisfied with the result. Nearly all cases required 2 or more sessions to achieve this degree of satisfaction. Conclusions: Cryolipolysis is a noninvasive method for the selective reduction of fat that has shown efficacy in reducing the subcutaneous tissue, with minimal and reversible side effects in this study.

Keywords: LASERS; ABDOMINAL FAT; LIPOLYSIS

Introduction: Low level laser therapy has been considered a non-invasive treatment alternative to body remodeling and fat tissue reduction.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of low level laser therapy in reducing body circumference measures and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdomen and hips areas.
Methods: An open, prospective, monocentric study was performed including 25 women with localized fat on the hips and abdomen. Nine sessions of low level laser therapy were performed over 3 weeks. The participants were assessed at baseline and at 1, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. Assessment of weight and body circumferences, lipid profile tests and MRI were performed.
Results: The abdominal circumference measurements showed a significant reduction up to 12 weeks after the treatment. Participants showed a more marked reduction in the hips region one week after the last session. Also one week after the completion of the treatment, 80% of the participants considered that the treatment improved their body contour. There was absence of reports of adverse events related to the treatment.
Conclusion: Low level laser therapy is safe and effective in reducing the circumference measurements, particularly in the abdominal region.

Keywords: LOW-LEVEL LIGHT THERAPY; SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; LASER THERAPY; ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT

Introduction: Introduction: Not focused ultrasound is a noninvasive alternative to improve body contour.
Methods: It's reported five cases treated with eight weekly sessions of not focused ultrasound on the abdomen.
Results: The treatment did not affect the routine of patients; it was comfortable and safe for most. There was a reduction in the thickness of the fat layer evaluated by ultrasound and in the circumferential measures in all patients, with clinical improvement evidenced in the photographic documentation especially in patients with lesser thickness of subcutaneous.
Conclusion: The device was safe, and was shown clear reduction in abdominal subcutaneous tissue.

Keywords: ADIPOSE TISSUE; ULTRASONIC THERAPY; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT

The presence of foreign bodies located on the skin, their size, constitution and precise location are often not perceptible on dermatological clinical examination. Despite their benign nature, the presence of foreign bodies in the skin is associated to high morbidity. High frequency ultrasonography has been widely used in different areas of Dermatology. Technological development and the introduction of devices offering high frequency and high resolution makes this method useful in identifying and guiding the removal of foreign bodies located in the skin. The authors describe a case where high frequency ultrasonography was used to identify and remove a rayfish stinger.

Keywords: ULTRASOUND; ULTRASSONOGRAPHY; FOREIGN BODY; SURGERY

Cryolipolysis is known worldwide as an effective and safe treatment for the reduction of localized body fat. A review of the current literature on the subject was carried out, including possible complications of the technique.

Keywords: cryotherapy; adipose tissue; therapeutics

Lipomas are frequent soft tissue tumors and can be found anywhere in the body; however, their location in hand is rare. They are called giants when they exceed 5 cm. In these cases, the differential diagnosis must be made with liposarcoma. These benign tumors must be characterized preoperatively with an imaging study, and their treatment is surgical. We present the case of a patient with a giant hand lipoma successfully treated with a modified Bruner incision approach.

Keywords: Lipoma; Liposarcoma; Neoplasms, adipose tissue; Hand

The search for aesthetic procedures aimed at the loss of submental definition is increasing. A correct diagnosis is imperative for successful treatment and the reduction of complications. Localized adiposity, skin flaccidity, and loss of bone structure are the main findings. A treatment algorithm was discussed in this review, remembering, of course, the possibility of combined and sequential treatments for better results.

Keywords: Deoxycholic acid; Collagen; Neck; Chin; Adipose tissue; Hydroxyapatites

We developed a narrative literature review on the association of fat grafting and hair transplantation using the Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) technique in scalp scars. Data were collected from studies found in Medline, Lilacs, and IBECS databases. Bibliographical records of several authors who researched mesenchymal cells in adipose tissue were cited, describing the techniques used. The conclusion was that the two-stage hair transplantation technique, with previous fat transplantation, is effective, according to the reviewed articles.

Keywords: Stem Cells; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells; Adipose Tissue; Hair transplantation

Localized scleroderma (linear morphea) is a rare disease that causes facial dystrophy and asymmetry in young women. We report the case of a 20-year-old female patient who was treated with novel composite fat grafts. After extracting lipoaspirate from deep subcutaneous fat, the microfat and the unfiltered nanofat were processed separately, and amalgamated, obtaining composite fat grafts. These were meticulously transplanted layer by layer to rebuild the subcutaneous tissue of the patient's face. After one year, a good volume of fat retention was observed with successful correction of asymmetry and restoration of facial balance.

Keywords: Ambulatory surgical procedures; Abdominal subcutaneous fat; Facial asymmetry; Subcutaneous injections; Localized scleroderma