Although the term cellulite is inadequate, since it does not refer to cellular subcutaneous tissue inflammations or infections, it is conventionally used to describe a female condition that is characterized by a wavy appearance of the skin''''''''s surface in some areas of the body. It constitutes a frequent complaint and an important concern for the majority of women and, due to its complex, multifactorial, and not completely known etiopathogenesis, there is still no effective and definitive treatment. Consequently, many therapeutic proposals, either based on poor quality publications or lacking sufficient scientific evidence, have been introduced.Topical treatments are not effective, though some can be indicated as adjuvant therapies.There is currently no technology able to correct the structural alterations of the female adipose tissue and deep dermis. That status clearly depends on the development of technolo gies based on the selective photothermolysis principle aimed at treating superficial hypodermal fat and the deep dermis.This article presents a review of the epidemiology, etiopathogeny, histology, clinical classification, and methods for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of cellulite.

Keywords: CELLUTITIS, CELLULITE/HISTOPATHOLOGY, CELLULITIS/TREATMENT

There are extensive reports on the characteristics and therapeutic potential of adult mesenchymal stem cells. The possibility of isolating them from excess adipose tissue obtained from other procedures is promising and extremely desirable. However, the protocols for such applications are still described in a summarized, rather than standardized, manner.Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a simple, practical and effective protocol for the collection of adipose tissue in the hospital environment, and for the isolation and in vitro cultivation of adult mesenchymal stem cells obtained from adipose tissue in a laboratory, with the purpose of discussing the potential uses of this technique in the field of dermatology.

Keywords: ADULT STEM CELLS, DERMATOLOGY, STEM CELLS, ADIPOSE TISSUE, TISSUE THERAPY

Gynoid lipodystrophy (cellulite) is a common, unattractive dermatosis that affects many women around the world. Depending on the severity of the appearance, the condition may cause important psychosocial disorders. Many therapies have been clinically tested, and many have been proscribed, not only for their therapeutic inefficiency, but also for their risk to patients’ health. Other treatments, notwithstanding their weak scientific basis, are still in vogue. Medical devices, few of which are backed by actual scientific evidence, also currently claim to help treat this condition. This paper provides an extensive scientific literature review and analysis, and aims to help dermatologists decide what specific therapies to recommend and provide assurances regarding the clinical rationale of results when treating patients with this condition.

Keywords: CELLULITIS, LIPODYSTROPHY, ADIPOSE TISSUE

Introduction: The present article offers a brief review of the demographics and etiology of cellulite. It shows that cellulite is a true clinical entity, with multi-factorial causes, and that it may affect more than 90% of all post-pubertal women. Objective: A clinical trial aimed at assessing the effects of a special topical formulation (containing retinol, caffeine, vitamin C, and vitamin E, in an optimized delivery system) on the visible signs of cellulite. Methods: A topical formulation was used by 25 female patients every evening for 17 weeks. In order to assess its efficacy, the clinical trial employed before and after photographs, self-assessment, and a specific rating system to measure cellulite severity. Results: The photographs, the self-assessment, and the objective assessment carried out by the expert evaluator, all showed a reduction in the visible signs of cellulite severity. It was possible to observe improvement at the 4th week of treatment, with continued improvement for 17 weeks and beyond. Conclusion: The results showed that the product tested in the present study in fact led to the reduction of the visible signs of cellulite severity.

Keywords: CELLULITE, RETINOL, CAFFEINE, DELIVERY SYSTEM

In the literature there is significant confusion between the terms hypodermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue, which are often used interchangeably. They are however two distinct and independent structures, with independent metabolic responses. The distinction between these two layers and the knowledge of their behavior is of crucial importance for choosing the appropriate treatment. The objective of the present study was to review the existing literature on the topic, in order to demonstrate the anatomical and histological differences between the two tissues.

Keywords: SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; ADIPOSE TISSUE; SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.

Introduction: Introduction: Not focused ultrasound is a noninvasive alternative to improve body contour.
Methods: It's reported five cases treated with eight weekly sessions of not focused ultrasound on the abdomen.
Results: The treatment did not affect the routine of patients; it was comfortable and safe for most. There was a reduction in the thickness of the fat layer evaluated by ultrasound and in the circumferential measures in all patients, with clinical improvement evidenced in the photographic documentation especially in patients with lesser thickness of subcutaneous.
Conclusion: The device was safe, and was shown clear reduction in abdominal subcutaneous tissue.

Keywords: ADIPOSE TISSUE; ULTRASONIC THERAPY; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT

Cryolipolysis is known worldwide as an effective and safe treatment for the reduction of localized body fat. A review of the current literature on the subject was carried out, including possible complications of the technique.

Keywords: cryotherapy; adipose tissue; therapeutics

Lipomas are frequent soft tissue tumors and can be found anywhere in the body; however, their location in hand is rare. They are called giants when they exceed 5 cm. In these cases, the differential diagnosis must be made with liposarcoma. These benign tumors must be characterized preoperatively with an imaging study, and their treatment is surgical. We present the case of a patient with a giant hand lipoma successfully treated with a modified Bruner incision approach.

Keywords: Lipoma; Liposarcoma; Neoplasms, adipose tissue; Hand

The search for aesthetic procedures aimed at the loss of submental definition is increasing. A correct diagnosis is imperative for successful treatment and the reduction of complications. Localized adiposity, skin flaccidity, and loss of bone structure are the main findings. A treatment algorithm was discussed in this review, remembering, of course, the possibility of combined and sequential treatments for better results.

Keywords: Deoxycholic acid; Collagen; Neck; Chin; Adipose tissue; Hydroxyapatites

We developed a narrative literature review on the association of fat grafting and hair transplantation using the Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) technique in scalp scars. Data were collected from studies found in Medline, Lilacs, and IBECS databases. Bibliographical records of several authors who researched mesenchymal cells in adipose tissue were cited, describing the techniques used. The conclusion was that the two-stage hair transplantation technique, with previous fat transplantation, is effective, according to the reviewed articles.

Keywords: Stem Cells; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells; Adipose Tissue; Hair transplantation

INTRODUCTION: High-intensity focused electromagnetic field treatment (HIFEM) uses low-frequency electromagnetic waves to induce supramaximal muscle contractions, causing muscle hypertrophy and reducing fat.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a HIFEM treatment for the improvement of cellulite on the buttocks.
METHODS: Thirty patients were divided into two groups that received eight or 12 HIFEM sessions on the buttocks for six weeks. We assessed the improvement in cellulite and the buttocks' global appearance through the Cellulite Severity Scale (CSS), the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and a satisfaction questionnaire. Changes in body composition were evaluated through bioimpedance and hip circumference measurements.
RESULTS: Patients from both groups improved the global appearance of their buttocks. Cellulite lesions of some patients improved, but for most patients, the improvement wasn’t great enough to change the grade on the Cellulite Severity Scale. Patient satisfaction was high and adverse events were few, minor, and transitory.
CONCLUSION: The effects of HIFEM on cellulite are subtle, as this treatment modality cannot address the fibrous septa that cause the depressed lesions of cellulite. Nevertheless, HIFEM procedures can improve the buttocks’ global appearance, enhancing the patients’ subjective perception of their cellulite.

Keywords: Cellulite; Aesthetic equipment; Electromagnetic fields

Autologous fat grafting is a common option for the correction of facial asymmetry. Recently, therapies using injectable substances that promote lipolysis have emerged to reduce undesired fat volume, offering an alternative to surgical removal of adipose tissue. We report an experimental case in which fat-dissolving injections were used to correct facial asymmetry following fat grafting, demonstrating satisfactory results with a minimally invasive procedure.

Keywords: Facial Asymmetry; Adipose Tissue, Subcutaneous; Mesotherapy.

The clinical use of combined technologies has been increasing to address the effects of skin aging on the face and other areas of the body. Poly-L-lactic acid is a biocompatible, semipermanent synthetic filler used for volume enhancement through neocollagenesis induction by fibroblast activation. Similarly, energy-based technologies, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound and microneedling radiofrequency devices, promote fat reduction and collagen contraction by heating the deep dermis. This article presents expert panel recommendations and a literature review on the topic.

Keywords: Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Radiofrequency Therapy; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type III; Adipose Tissue.