The early detection of melanoma is crucial for improving survival rates. Dermoscopy improves the accuracy of clinical examination, enabling a diagnosis in the early stages. However it has limitations in the diagnosis of incipient melanomas. Full body mapping and digital dermoscopy help diagnose nonspecific lesions and allow the detection of new suspicious lesions. Patients at high risk of developing melanomas benefit the most from this approach. The authors report the case of a high-risk patient whose melanoma diagnosis was only possible with the help of dermoscopy-guided histopathological analysis.

Keywords: MELANOMA, DERMOSCOPY, EARLY DIAGNOSIS, RISK FACTORS, PATHOLOGY

Recurring nevus or pseudomelanoma is a benign melanocytic lesion that appears in the same location after an incomplete surgical removal of nevi. These pigmented melanocytic lesions can in some cases be a diagnostic challenge when examined through dermoscopy, especially if there is a clinical history of growth or recurrence of the lesion, as happens with the recurrent nevus phenomenon. Confocal reflectance microscopy is an in vivo non-invasive imaging technique with high histomorphological resolution of the skin that can be used to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, increasing the in vivo diagnostic accuracy. Nonetheless, in some cases only the histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the complete lesion can clarify the diagnosis.

Keywords: CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SKIN NEOPLASMS; PATHOLOGY; DERMATOLOGY

The diagnosis of pigmented facial lesions is considered challenging since benign and malignant lesions might have similar clinical and dermoscopic features – especially in the early stages of the lesion – entailing that it is often difficult to identify lentigo maligna lesions in the face. In this way, confocal reflectance microscopy has the potential to become a useful tool both in the diagnosis and surgical planning of lentigo maligna.

Keywords: Dermoscopy; Hutchinson's melanotic freckle; Keratosis, actinic; Melanoma; Microscopy, confocal

NK/T cell lymphoma is a rare, aggressive, non-Hodgkin tumor that is closely related to the Epstein-Barr virus. It has a poor prognosis and poor response to treatments. We report the case of a 91-year-old woman with a history of injury in the nasal region for three months. Histological study showed diffuse infiltration of the dermis by small and atypical lymphoid cells and positive immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, CD30, and CD3 (cytoplasmic). Due to the fast growth of the lesion and the high morbidity of the neoplasm, the patient was referred to the hospital for assistance but died before starting treatment.

Keywords: Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Lymphocytes; Medical oncology; Extranodal T-NK Cell Lymphoma; Lethal Midline Granuloma

Cylindroma is a rare benign neoplasm of probable origin in the eccrine sweat glands and is characterized by papular and nodular, painless, slow-growing lesions, generally located on the head, neck and scalp. When multiple, they can be part of hereditary syndromes. The authors report the case of a patient with a solitary nodulation on the scalp, presenting pathological examination compatible with cylindroma. The lesion was excised, with satisfactory results and no recurrence.

Keywords: Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Deubiquitinating Enzyme CYLD.