Introduction:There are both unpublished and published anecdotal case reports of skin rash, acneiform eruptions and onset of Herpes simplex in patients injected with botulinum toxin for treatment of facial wrinkles and hyperhidrosis. We carried out a research to determine if there are immunological changes in the skin in ab initio treatment of patients with botulinum toxin. Methods: The immunological response to botulinum toxin type A was assessed in skin before and after its application in 15 patients with axillary hyperhidrosis. The following immunohistochemical markers were used to determine the local immunological profi le before and after application of botulinum toxin: CD4+, CD8+, CD1a, CD25, anti-TNF-á, HLA-Dr, ICAM-1, anti- IFN-ã and anti-IL-4. Results and discussion: A descriptive statistical analysis of each marker was carried out and the data were analyzed by Wilcoxon sign test. It was concluded that there was no alteration in skin after hyperhidrosis treatment with botulinum toxin a when markers were compared.

Keywords: AXILLARY, HYPERHIDROSIS, IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE, BOTULINUM TOXINS, BOTULINUM TOXIN, HIPERHIDROSIS TREATMENT

Introduction:The French cosmetics industry sells spring mineral waters that are advertised as having biological benefits.
Objective: This study analyzes, in vitro and in vivo, a Brazilian mineral water''''''''s oligomin- erals composition, as well as its physical and chemical characteristics and biological effects.
Methods: Tests to evaluate physical chemical properties, cytotoxicity (viable cells) and irritability (het-cam test) were conducted. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate its capacity to induce the genic expression and immunohistochemical detection of filaggrin and aquaporin 3, nf-kb activity and fibroblast proliferation compared to Milli Q water.
Results: This water was found to be non-cytotoxic and non-irritating. In addition, it pre- sented a high content of strontium (0.61 mg/ml). The expression of filaggrin and its immunohistochemical tests were relevant. The aquaporin 3 increased 1.8 times and nf-kb decreased its activity by 47%. It was also capable of stimulating fibroblast proliferation.
Conclusion: The initial evaluation of the mineral water from Serra do Japi (SP, Brazil) indicates that it has the potential to be an adjuvant treatment in dermatology, since the results suggest it moisturizes the skin barrier, stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts, and repairs and inhibits inflammatory reactions. Clinical studies should be done in order to reassure the in vitro results achieved on the present study.

Keywords: MINERAL WATERS, BRAZIL, COSMETICS

The French cosmetics industry has been marketing thermal mineral waters that have certain biological effects. Previous studies have demonstrated that oligomineral elements have hydrating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This literature review discusses in vitro and in vivo clinical studies of commercially available thermal mineral waters to determine their effects on the skin and their main indications. A historical review was also carried out on the use of thermal mineral waters in dermatology, with an emphasis on identifying their physical and chemical properties and comparing the qualitative composition of the oligominerals present in those waters.

Keywords: MINERAL WATERS, SKIN, COSMETICS, HYDROTHERAPY

Introduction: In dermatology, several medications are injected intralesionally to treat diseases locally and the microinjection of non-cross linked hyaluronic acid in the dermis is used for restoring skin hydration. Objective: To determine whether there was improvement in skin hydration due to injection of pure non cross-linked hyaluronic acid in patients' periorbital wrinkles and surrounding skin. Methods: Ten patients (between 40-63 years of age) with periorbital wrinkles rated between 1 and 4 according to the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale were treated in the yeear of 2007 with microinjections of non cross-linked hyaluronic acid on the 1st, 15th and 30th days of the study. The medical researcher, the non-medical observer, and the patients assessed the skin at the treatment site on the 45th day of the study according to a descriptive scale of clinical outcomes (absent, poor, good, and very good). A followup evaluation was carried out during five years aimed at identifying potential complications. Results: According to the descriptive scale, the analysis of the clinical outcomes data presented the following results, expressed in number of patients: patients' opinion (poor = 2, good = 6, very good = 2); non-medical observer's opinion (poor = 3, good = 4, very good = 3); medical researcher's opinion (poor = 3, good = 6, very good = 1). Echymoses and bleeding occurred immediately after the injections. Conclusion: Injection of hyaluronic acid can be a therapeutic option for re-hydrating dry and damaged skin.

Keywords: HYALURONIC ACID; AGING; SKIN PHISIOLOGICAL PROCESSES; MESOTHERAPY

INTRODUCTION: For religious reasons, a portion of the population does not expose their body, showing only the feet.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to meet the demand for treatments to rejuvenate the dorsum of the foot, observe the safety of using calcium hydroxyapatite and its results, and discuss the region anatomy.
METHODS: Sixty women with an average age of 63 years and skin phototypes from I to VI had the dorsum of their foot's age classified by types from I to VII, and were injected with 0.75 ml to 3 ml of calcium hydroxyapatite per patient in this region, in a single session. A dermatologist who did not participate in the treatment and the patients conducted the evaluation through photos.
RESULTS: The results were considered good to very good depending on the aging stage of the dorsum of the feet. Complications were limited to local edema and erythema. Follow-up lasted from six months to one year.
CONCLUSION: The injection of calcium hydroxyapatite into the dorsum of the feet, based on knowledge of the anatomy of this region and correct volume, could be considered a body area treatment.

Keywords: Calcium Hydroxyapatite; Foot; Anterior Compartment Syndrome; Collagen